Exam 1

A  the media

B  heredity

C  sociobiology

D  sociobiology and heredity

A  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

B  females being treated with more leniency by police

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

D  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A  gender gap hypothesis

B  frustration hypothesis

C  maturation hypothesis

D  liberation hypothesis

A  social aggression

B  relational aggression

C  physical aggression

D  indirect aggression

A  their relations with others

B  their appearance

C  their athletic abilities

D  their academic abilities

A  deterrence theory

B  feminist theory

C  deterrence and rational theory

D  rational choice theory

A  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

B  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

C  others from committing similar acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

B  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

C  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

D  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

A  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

B  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

C  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

D  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

A  children who are overly anxious about crime

B  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

C  programs that are focused on education

D  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

A  level of educational attainment

B  religiosity

C  personal health

D  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

A  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

B  is no longer important

C  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

D  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

A  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

B  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

C  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

D  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

A  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

B  deviance is the same to all

C  deviance really does not exist

D  deviance cannot be seen

A  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

B  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

C  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

D  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

A  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

B  solitary confinement

C  inadequate medical care in prison

D  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

A  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

B  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

C  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

D  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

A  relative unimportance

B  causing a variety of activities

C  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

D  having no effect on future behavior

A  no situation is ever the same

B  situations are defined differently

C  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

D  situations can cause serious consequences

A  only social status

B  only social expectations

C  only social roles

D  social status, social roles, and social expectations

A  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

B  were not interested in delinquency

C  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

A  They have a great deal of remorse

B  They have strong social bonds

C  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

D  They have absolutely no social bonds

A  locked into a particular situation

B  occasionally free to “drift”

C  unchanging

D  an immoral person

A  denial of harm

B  appeal to higher loyalties

C  denial of responsibility

D  condemning the condemner

A  does not vary among individuals

B  cannot be applied to juveniles

C  applies only to juveniles

D  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

A  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

B  alienation and frustration

C  pride and self-worth

D  mental conflict and anxiety

A  they come from a wealthy background

B  they have a strong religious background

C  they have been rewarded for doing so

D  come from a hard-working background

A  can become viable role models for some youngsters

B  have no effect on juveniles

C  are ignored by most youth

D  have no effect on females

A  loses interest in society

B  will become a ward of the state

C  can never become a law-abiding citizen

D  slips into juvenile delinquency

A  crystallization

B  socialization

C  politicization

D  characterization

A  Cambodian

B  Korean

C  Japanese

D  Chinese

A  in the rural outreaches of the city

B  in jail

C  in the suburbs

D  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

A  uniform throughout the population

B  not identifiable

C  really not that important

D  not uniform throughout the population

A  rebellion-oriented gang

B  conflict-oriented gang

C  crime-oriented gang

D  retreatist-oriented gang

A  average boys.

B  the behavior of lower class juveniles

C  abused children

D  middle class juveniles

A  rebellion

B  centralism

C  ritualism

D  retreatism

A  ritualism

B  retreatism

C  conformity

D  innovation

A  economic status

B  prevailing social conditions

C  local government

D  arrest rates

A  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

B  suicide rates drop dramatically

C  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

D  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

A  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

B  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

C  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

A  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

B  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

C  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

D  bullies, victims, and interlopers

A  normal behavior

B  deviant behavior

C  personality

D  social indifference

A  totally ignored

B  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

C  accepted by most criminologists

D  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

A  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

B  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

C  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

D  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

A  victims really do not care to answer the questions

B  victims are the only source of information

C  victims distrust surveys

D  victims have never filed any police complaint

A  divert the matter away from the court system

B  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

C  let the parents handle the case

D  dismiss the case

A  only because of the frequency of occurrence

B  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

C  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

D  only because of their seriousness

A  it produces results

B  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

C  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

D  the average person believes it

A  outdated

B  negative norms

C  prescriptive norms

D  proscriptive norms

A  are prohibited for juveniles

B  are referred to as status offenses

C  are not illegal when done by adults

D  all of the above